Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Analytical Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explanatory Framework - Essay Example The third segment of diagnostic system is the social evaluation network model. Each part of the social appraisal framework is fundamental in distinguishing different parts of articles. Posner builds up an article that talks about the current issue inside the US of regarding money related customers as consenting grown-ups. Distinguishing whether Posner’s article meets the rules of setting up social issues just as understanding them is just achievable through surveying the article utilizing the different strides in social appraisal process. Coming up next is a bit by bit investigation of Posner’s article. Bit by bit examination of Posner’s Article 1. Distinguishing proof of the key social issues important to the business While leading an article social appraisal the initial step is to recognize a portion of the key social issues straightforwardly connected to the business, which the writer has recorded. In this progression, all issues that influence activities of b usiness are incorporated while those that are excessively enormous or efficient for the business to cause an important impact are rejected. Posner distinguishes changes social issues that straightforwardly influences tasks of business. The main issue distinguished by Posner is purchaser conduct. Purchaser conduct is an essential idea in seeing how buyers buy or customer certain items. Posner’s ID of shopper conduct depends on monetary items. ... Credibility of articles is estimated from the different wellsprings of data that a specialist applied in accumulating the data. Posner, in his endeavor to build up a bona fide, substantial, and solid article gets information and data from various sources. For example, Posner utilizes the Treasury Department as one of the wellspring of data in building up the article. As per the writer, Treasury Department’s declaration that there ought to be utilization of genuine information about how individuals settle on money related choices to create oversight shopper account is a fundamental wellspring of data that helps in building up a bona fide article. Also, Posner utilizes articulations and statements from, unmistakable people, for example, Elizabeth Warren, Richard Thaler, and Robert Shiller. Different sources incorporate recently done articles, for example, the Journal of Economic Perspective and National Bureau of Economic Research Paper. 3. Primer Classification and Prioritizati on of Issues This progression requires lessening the quantity of issues to reasonable size. In the wake of recognizing customer conduct in regard to buying money related items just as reserve funds, Posner limits the conversation to consumers’ conduct towards buying monetary items. Narrowing down to this social issue gives sufficient existence to give a basic assessment of the equivalent. 4. Estimating Current Performance Relative to Key Social Issues In endeavors to take care of issues or social issues recognized, it is of hugeness when the analyst quantifies the current execution comparative with the key social issues. While utilizing direct technique for estimations, Posner recognizes the way that as of now there has been poor utilization of money related item because of inadequate

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Operations management Essay

Q.1. Talk about Bill Jones and his way to deal with computerization looked at others? Activities the executives as applied by Bill Jones ways to deal with computerization helped increment creation and lift the representatives spirit and along these lines attributed his way to deal with be emulated.â He shown the best rule of the board dependent on the capacity to bring laborers, administrators and machines together to build creation at Cambria steelton industry. He was an accomplished caring pioneer who was advanced from his notoriety of building the heaters at Chattaniooga in Tennessee.â He was of solid character which assisted him to mix corporate objectives with those of his laborers along these lines creating achievement consistently. Plus, he accepted that the steel business required key consistent consecutive redesigning andâ propelled men to labor for eight hours just rather than the standard 12 hours which he considered as ruthless and counter profitable to the industry.â This was anyway conversely with the greater part of different pioneers who demanded full abuse of the 12 hours robotization arrangement of the steel organization (Gerald, 1981).â His activity the board style superimposed on him being a network man earned him the core of numerous which went about as inspiration to them. The representatives related to him so much that they were refereed to as Jones boys.â He was once in a while observed eating peanuts and smoking stogies in the city of Braddock.â He demanded for the 12 hours working span because of his adoration and liberality that caused him to contribute uninhibitedly to the society.â Besides he was human enough in that by believing the working hours to be eight, the laborers would be associated with other valuable ways for their lives like games which was exceptionally useful to the business however indirectly.â He depended on advancements from inside the organization as the representatives having served under him had the significant experience to run various areas (Gerald, 1981). He urged advancements and enhancements to build creation from the company.â He started the utilization of the utilization of the bigger blenders which took into account persistent progression of the fluid pig iron.â Also, he developed the utilization of steel rushes in rail lodging that raised the quality of the iron items made in the company.â subsequently, this guaranteed ceaseless creation and handling of steel in the organization during and after his administration period. Bill Jones activity the executives dependent on the conviction of cautious choice of the men he utilized, helped him helped him to expand creation as he worked with advancement arranged individuals just in the company.â He joined the activity of the machines with the high inspiration of the representatives to build the production.â He emphasized that the point of the firm was to stay with the running steadily.â Therefore he experienced less obstruction from the representatives as far as businesses claims and workaholic behavior which expanded the organization creation (Gerald, 1981). Because of his administration approaches and connection to his consolidated computerization mode, different pioneers contrasted with him.â Carnegie attempted to pressurize Bill Jones to receive the 12 hours framework and lessen the utilization of machines which Jones excused as maltreatment for humanity.â This mode anyway had prompted the showings on workaholic behavior and less compensation due yo diminished creation from the system.â As Jones hate the utilization of trade guilds for supporting the representatives rights, Carnegie picked to haggle with them and had incredible triumphs in his creation mode. Morel desire like Jones, had confidence in mix of machines and experienced individuals to have the option to expand the creation of the company.â He had a caring demeanor towards the representatives and empowered morals in the work p;lace where the representatives didn't need to work for the entire long eight hours for the representatives to be motivated.â He likewise energized the slow acquaintance of the machines with the organization for improvement.â Morrell created and formed John Fritz based on Engineering and mechanization which later earned him the name â€Å"dean of steel makers† (Gerald, 1981). Talk about why stock control is vital to lean? Stock control is critical to lean as it goes about as the check and the primary determinant of the movement of a people business.â This technique calls work of the fundamental standards of logical administration and better representative advantages to accomplish high consumer loyalty for the company.â It is the principle device for achievement in business having been received by enormous effective organizations like Ford assembling and Toyota.â â Inventory control and lean practices involves cautious thought of the clients necessities and want as the key component for the accomplishment of the business.â Inventory along these lines as Heinz demonstrates, is the proportion of the proficiency after the quality requests of the client have been met.â The representatives must comprehend the activity arrangement of the lean way of thinking for better application (Gerald, 1981). Heinz includes that in this mode, the organization must pick the market wherein he will gracefully his merchandise for progress to be achieved.â The stock must be attached to and imagined in dollars to build the creation and lessen the overhead costs.â Then the directors pay rates ought to be identified with the squandered stock dollars for the lean assembling to succeed.â Big organizations supervisors may free the vibe of stock yet littler organizations keep their inventories cautiously and allude to them as dollars and consequently progress quicker as they oversee leanly their assembling framework. The stock procedure thusly reveals to you the degree of productivity you are working on and in this manner help you in settling on various prompt choices that are intended to assist your business with growing in the event that it had bottle necks.â To add to that, these inventories help the administrators distinguish the issues well ahead of time in this way being enough prepared for to handle them. Heinz shows that â€Å"hedge inventories are manufactured in view of poor performance†. â€Å"Decision making on sketchy items must be made quickly† (Gerald, 1981). The flexibly of the crude materials into the organization for making the items is a piece of the organization business activities.â Lean requires abundant gracefully of crude materials in the creation line and resulting market assurance to improve the exit of the items at the ideal prices.â Physical stock in this way helps to address the issue of the provisions in the organization by earlier expectation of the patterns. Heinz demands that, â€Å"you can never run lean without a decent flexibly chain of your company† Furthermore, stock guarantees that dynamism in the client necessities are anything but difficult to manage therefore changing of items should be possible rapidly without losing the market.â It guarantees that the workers are adaptable in their activities through appropriate planning.â Mr. Heinz had utilized no tooling yet needed to change to various food items rapidly through abundant arranging and adaptability of the workers. For fruitful shelter be acknowledged sufficient gracefully of work must be accessible in the creation and flexibly unit.â Temporary and low maintenance workers ought to be locked in as they increment the adaptability of the organization in the midst of the creation swings as various occasions of the year.â Therefore area on places with insufficient flexibly like significant towns would help enormously expand the productivity of the lean.â Heinz utilized huge quantities of ladies on impermanent and low maintenance premise to increase the creation contrasts at different periods.  â â â â â â â â Inventory control thusly under the vision for excellent aides in actualizing the lean way of thinking. Analyze the methodology of Charles Schwab at Bethelem Steel to Edison on advancement? Charles Schwab varied with Edison on the activity the board in the steel organization for development intensive advancement (Gerald, 1981).â â Though both of their methodologies were planned for expanding creation their assorted variety came about to the changing creation levels. Charles accepted that men are driven by rivalry while the business is driven by collaboration and along these lines guaranteed that client suppler agreeable system was maintained.â Through this methodology Charles had the option to wonder may with regards to the technique he used to gain admittance to the huge dynamic market.â Even the inward relationship of the workers rotated on the representative companion transport who were the key columns to gracefully in the organization (Gerald, 1981). Edison then again accepted available driven powers to pick up the market through the powers of interest and supply.â He similarly succeeded however his levels were lower than those of Charles.â Charles takes note of that the creation was passed through duty and comprehension between the workers and the administration. The two of them accepted that work and the board must go connected at the hip for the consistency of the work to be maintained.â Though this was somewhat visionary,â it was accomplished with more noteworthy fulfillment to the representatives who were ensured their wages and pay rates in the creation line and along these lines improved their assurance for more production.â Charles demanded that manual prizes ought to be founded on the benefit of the creation system.â This improves the nature of items just as the government assistance of the employees.â Edison then again demanded utilization of Bonuses and Employees rewards which additionally raised the spirit of the workers in the company.â Though the two strategies improved the pace of creation from the representatives, the later framework might be difficult to set up and is available to biasness (Gerald, 1981). Charles simply like Edison put firmly in the workers and accepted that the chiefs must assume a fatherly job by ensuring and building up the employees.â They accepted that the representatives we

Wednesday, August 19, 2020

Program Assistant Introduction Elaine Kubik COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Elaine Kubik COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog While I wrapped up the Admissions Office PA introductions a couple weeks ago, we do have a new addition to the team. Elaine Kubik  is  a program assistant for the MPA-DP program. Elaine  helps the MPA-DP  team with marketing and bringing great speakers to campus. If you have any questions about the MPA-DP program feel free to reach out to her at mek2211@columbia.edu. Elaine Kubik is a second year MPA-Development Practice candidate at SIPA. She is focusing her studies on corporate social responsibility and examining how private sector companies can contribute to the growth of developing countries. Elaine was born in Panama and raised all over the world as a military dependent.  Prior to SIPA Elaine worked for five years in both the public and private sectors in marketing and communications. Upon graduating Elaine hopes to work with private companies in increasing the sustainability of their products and their commitment to their communities. You can follow her on Twitter at @elainekubik. In a brief QA for the Admissions Blog, she had this to share: What attracted you to SIPA and Columbia University? The MPA-Development Practice curriculum was the perfect blend of foundational, required courses and opportunity to take elective courses. The first year was spent focusing heavily on economics, health policy, food policy and learning about the different intersections of development in terms of programs and policies. Now, in my second year I’m able to hone in on my interests and build out my skillset in a specific area. What has been the best part of your SIPA experience? One of the best parts of my SIPA experience has been the MPA-DP summer placement. In the summer of 2015 I was able to go to Maseru, Lesotho and work with a global health organization on their HIV programs. It’s one thing to learn about health policies and programs at school, but it’s another thing to be on the ground and helping to implement it. Did you choose to attend SIPA to change careers, or to gain experience in a career path you already had experience in? I chose to pursue a graduate degree because I wanted to advance in my career and make a slight change in my professional direction. I was heavily focused on marketing communications before SIPA and I knew I wanted to get into the world of development. The MPA-DP program is making this possible and I’ll have the network connections to get the right position afterwards. SIPA features lots of events for students to attend. Is there any interesting presentation that you have attended that you could comment upon? It’s so easy to have a jam-packed schedule! There are many opportunities to attend workshops or attend a speaker event. The most memorable events have been hearing Michael Kimmel speak about masculinities and attending a mobile data collection workshop facilitated by the same team that did contract tracing for Ebola at The Earth Institute. Have you taken classes at other Columbia Schools? My schedule for my second year has been much more flexible and I’m able to take a class at Columbia Business School. It’s a great course on negotiations and the course has a great blend of lecture and role-plays. Soon we’ll have a large group negotiation with the negotiation students at the Columbia Law School. What was the most challenging aspect of the application process? One of the most challenging parts was getting the recommendations. Throughout the entire graduate application process and even scholarship/fellowship applications, it’s easy to teeter on the edge of burning out your recommenders. It’s a tricky process to maintain the relationship and also satisfy the requirements (and large quantities) of applications. [Photo courtesy of Elaine Kubik]

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Correlation Between Gang And Gang Delinquency - 1832 Words

Introduction When potential gang members become exposed to certain life situations they have a higher risk of joining a gang. When someone joins a gang they become susceptible to partaking in actions that they would not normally do. This paper will give some idea of what a gang is and describe some factors that can motivate a person to get involved with a gang. It will also explain the problem associated with an increase of gang member activity that result of a higher gang homicide. The data will show that the estimated number of gangs was at a high, then that number trended downward. Finally the number has risen to the present and has steadily plateaued at the high. In this report I will explain the relative correlation of the†¦show more content†¦Part of the problem is that in the large major cities youngsters who are suffering from boredom, despair, and poverty can easily be enticed into the idea of being part of a gang. With these ideas of involvement, it is increasing the gang membership in larger cities. Studies have shown an increase in gang involvement since 2003 but now is stabilizing. This is a growing problem because if we do not increase activities such as prevention groups or getting the police involved in community programs in cities encouraging youth participation it could begin to rise again over a few more years. Police need to not be just a figure in a uniform, but get involved and let youth and adults know that the figure in the uniform is a person who cares about them and the community. What is a gang and what do they do? There are many definitions for what a gang is. According to The National Gang Center website, one definition of a gang is a group of youngsters or adolescents who associate closely, often exclusively, for social reasons, especially a group engaging in delinquent behavior such as a gang of thieves. Some factors that make a gang a gang are that the group has three or more members, generally aged 12–24, the members share an identity, typically linked to a name, and often other symbols. The members view themselves as a gang, and they are recognized by others as a gang. The group has some permanence and a degree of organization and the group is involved in an elevated levelShow MoreRelatedCorrelation Between Gang And Gang Delinquency1859 Words   |  8 PagesWhen potential gang members become exposed to certain life situations they have a higher risk of joining a gang. When someone joins a gang they become susceptible to partaking in actions that they would not normally do. This paper will give some idea of what a gang is and describe some factors that can motivate a person to get involved with a gang. It will also explain the problem associated with an increase of gang member activity that result of a higher gang homicide. The data will show that theRead MoreSummary : Youth Gang And Violence1615 Words   |  7 PagesIskuhi Kalantaryan Juvenile Delinquency Sunday, March 27, 2016 Analytic Essay Youth Gang and Violence Delinquent Behavior â€Å"Gang† â€Å"Youth Gang† and â€Å"Street Gang† are just labels used to describe young people consisting of three or more individuals organized to achieve a typical objective and who share a common identity. There is no single and universally accepted definition of gang, gang member and gang activities in the United States, howeverRead MoreLife Of A Gang : Youth853 Words   |  4 PagesLife in a Gang Youth are exposed to gang life at an early age, sometimes as early as 10 or 11 years old. Observing older and respected gang members can often lead to impressions among youth that lead them to believe gang life is the way to gain access to things such as status, money and prestige. Research states that older more established gang members will utilize youth to their advantage by having them steal for the gang, buy and sell drugs, carry weapons and commit other crimes in hopes to evadeRead MoreThe Problem Of Violence And Violence1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthe UK’s Government has reviewed the existence of gangs and the extent of violence caused by these gangs. An intensive prevention strategy has been put into place and has been running for a small number of years. Failing to evaluate the effectiveness of the project; the Home Office have spent over  £10 million on their ‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence’ programme (House of Commons, 2017). It is paramount that a u nified definition of the term ‘gangs’ is understood by the Home Office and Police forcesRead MoreYouth Gangs And The Cognitive And Social Learning Theory1850 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract: This paper will discuss the correlation of youth gangs and how the cognitive and social learning theory comes in to play, and why female and male juveniles end up in the system. It will touch bases on how youth surroundings have a lot to do with the decisions they choose to make and the life style they end up living. Gangs usually recruit youth off the street, if a child sees that being a part of a gang is an everyday thing and is normal then they will be influenced more to do that. TheRead MoreAlbert Cohen And The Chemical Warfare Service868 Words   |  4 Pagescriminological scholar was distinguished and he received numerous awards for his work. His most substantial contributions to the field related to his assessment of classism, delinquency, and gang culture. These are signi ficant phenomena in the modern criminological landscape. Cohen’s best known works include his analysis of gang subculture and criminal organization subcultures. Mutchnick et al., (1990), suggested Cohen’s works as a modern criminologist, was adept at synthesizing different theoriesRead MoreGang Membership: Risk Factors for Joining and Effects on Offending Trajectories2261 Words   |  10 PagesRisk factors for gang membership have been identified at five major levels: individual, family, school, peers and community (Howell Egley, 2005). For example, at the individual level early onset of delinquency and antisocial behavior among pre-adolescents could be an indication of future criminality (Moffitt, 1993). Risk factors within peer association can have an effect on whether an adolescent becomes a member of a gang. These peers may provide antisocial views, aggressive influences and possiblyRead MoreThe Relationship between Delinquency and Drug Use2005 Words   |  9 PagesThe Relationship between Delinquency and Drug UseIn m y attempt to discover if delinquency and drug use, or the sale of drugs were correlated with one another, my research lead to a positive correlation, especially when there was gang membership involved. The theory I have chosen to tie in with my review of the articles I found is the social learning theory of Edwin Sutherland known as differential association theory. According to Britannica online, Sutherland s differential association theory ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Monster 1063 Words   |  5 Pages Straight Outta South Central Why is gang affiliation such an alluring, appealing lifestyle? Admittedly, the appeal is conceivable. Watching Boyz in the Hood or listening to hip-hip may cause some to think, â€Å"I can live that life,† but thought does not turn into action while others never formulate such a thought. This raises the question, why does Monster Kody Scott, consider devout gang membership as a sole objective despite constant contingencies of incarceration and demise? To answer this questionRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Juvenile Delinquency Delinquent behavior has been a serious and expensive problem in American society for a prolonged period of time. Although the delinquency rate has declined, it is still one of the highest in comparison to other countries in the world. Discovering a single cause of juvenile delinquency is difficult, but there is no doubt that a combination of various theories and factors could point researchers in the right direction of establishing a source. Theory and research

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Plachimada Case Study - 13995 Words

International Environmental Law Research Centre LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF PLACHIMADA A CASE STUDY Sujith Koonan IELRC WORKING PAPER 2007 - 05 This paper can be downloaded in PDF format from IELRC’s website at http://www.ielrc.org/content/w0705.pdf International Environmental Law Research Centre International Environment House Chemin de Balexert 7, 1219 Chà ¢telaine Geneva, Switzerland info@ielrc.org www.ielrc.org TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. II. THE BACKGROUND LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK A. B. C. III. Analysis of Pollution Control Laws Institutions: Powers and Failures The Role of the Panchayat 1 1 2 2 4 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 11 12 12 14 14 15 17 PLACHIMADA IN THE KERALA HIGH COURT A. B. Background of the Case Principles in the†¦show more content†¦The Hindustan Coca Cola Company set up a plant in this district in the year 2000. The plant occupies an area of around 34 acres of land. This land had been classified ‘arable’ by the Government of India. Quite naturally, the site of the plant is surrounded by a number of water reservoirs and canals built for irrigation.1 Plachimada village of Perumatty panchayat in Chittoor taluk is a small hamlet in Palakkad district. It is also home to several scheduled caste and scheduled tribe populations. The villagers are predominantly landless, illiterate, agricultural labourers. Almost 80 per cent of the population depends upon agriculture for their livelihood. Hence, it is most likely that, the location of an industrial plant, which consumes water heavily, in a socially and economically backward, in a region that is agricultural but drought prone would result in serio us adverse implications to the life and the environment. The people of Plachimada started to suffer adversities within six months after the Company started its activities. It was reported that the salinity and hardness of the water had risen. Apart from the increase in salinity and hardness, the water from some open wells and shallow bore wells nearby was alleged to have an extremely 1 The site is located barely three kilometers to the north of the Meenakkara Dam reservoir and a few hundred meters west of the Kambalathara andShow MoreRelatedThe Consumption Of Bottled Water1716 Words   |  7 PagesRussia and Czech Republic in the coming years. Nevertheless, manufacturing bottled water and the process of extraction comes at a price, which is shown in the Plachimada case. In 2000, Coca- Cola under its Indian subsidiary Hindustan Coca Cola Beverages Private Limited, started operations for a bottling plant in the village of Plachimada. Over the next few years, residents in the area, mainly ingenious groups and farmers complained about the water containing toxins. According to the villagers theRead MoreCsr Strategy Analysis Of Coca Cola Company1861 Words   |  8 Pagesfight through their active engagement in health campaigns such as the fight against obesity. Coca-Cola opted to substitute some of their soft drinks for healthier beverages such as Coke Zero and Diet Coke (Coca Cola 5). The company also funds health studies. Coca-Cola also responds to local health-related initiatives such as HIV/AIDS prevention, Malaria treatment and prevention, especially in Africa and Latin America (Securities and Exchange Commission 34). Entertainment. Coca-Cola is an active participantRead MoreComprehensive Health Data Breach Response Plan906 Words   |  4 Pagessee CSR as the voluntary actions that business can take, over and above compliance with minimum legal requirements, to address both its own compe55ve interests and the interests of wider society’. (UK Government) Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study: Coca Cola India Coca cola drink was invented by Dr. John Smith Pemberton, a pharmacist in 1886, Atlanta, Georgia in the USA. He used extracts of Kola nuts hence the name Coca. The business was later bought out, together with all its competitorsRead MoreCoca Col India And The Difficulties Faced By It Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesCOCA-COLA IN INDIA INTRODUCTION This case study is about Coca-Cola in India and the difficulties faced by it in the different parts of India, especially in the south India region (Kerala).In 2006-2007, the main problem arose when the bottling plants of the company found with pesticides in its water used for manufacturing its products. Testing was taken place to check the issues regarding pesticides by an environmental group, the centre for science and environment (CSE) and after hard-core searchRead MoreGround Water Depletion6229 Words   |  25 PagesA Ground Water Depletion Hp Ground Water Depletion in India A study on the ground water depletion across the World ,specifically in India. The causes of depletion,current scenario and the way forward Krishnapriya J 12HS60006 MHRM, IIT Kharagpur 11/11/2012 1 Table of Contents 1. ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE TERM PAPER-----------------------------------------------------4 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE--Read MoreGround Water Depletion6229 Words   |  25 PagesA Ground Water Depletion Hp Ground Water Depletion in India A study on the ground water depletion across the World ,specifically in India. The causes of depletion,current scenario and the way forward Krishnapriya J 12HS60006 MHRM, IIT Kharagpur 11/11/2012 1 Table of Contents 1. ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE TERM PAPER-----------------------------------------------------4 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE--Read MoreCoca Cola Business Strategy2497 Words   |  10 Pagescontinue work at the bottling plant, the company must find alternative sources of water, but this is a tall order in an area which has suffered two dry years and has gone months without rain. The court ruled that extraction of the ground water at Plachimada village, even up to the limit admitted by the company, was illegal. The company had no right to extract this much natural wealth and the panchayat (local authority) and the government was bound to prevent it. The court found that ground water wasRead MoreStandardization of Products in the International Marketplace Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagesof each market place by investigating on two real case studies; Starbucks and EuroDisney. Secondly this article discusses in regards to the opening of foreign investments in India and the on how companies compete in the Indian market place with the help of Coke Pepsi case study and the Fair and Lovely case study. The case studies are analyzed and compared by applying elements of the international marketing task diagram (Cateora et. al, 2012). Case 1 and 2: Starbucks and EuroDisney. ‘As current marketsRead MoreCoca Cola4011 Words   |  17 Pageshas raised issues because of Coke’s use of the water supply of nearby villages. Amit Srivastaba, of the India Resource Center, a center that works to support movements against corporate globalization in India said, Three communities in India — Plachimada in Kerala, Wada in Maharashtra and Mehdiganj in Uttar Pradesh — are experiencing severe water shortages as a result of Coke s mining of the majority of the common groundwater resources around its facilities (KillerCoke).† One of their issues comesRead MoreCase Studies of Business Ethics Corporate Governance3354 Words   |  14 PagesAn Assignment of Business Ethics amp; Corporate Governance CASE STUDIES Module I BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY December 3, 2009, marked the 25th anniversary of the worlds worst ever industrial disaster - the gas leak that occurred at Union Carbide India Ltds (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh, India). The tragedy that instantly killed more than 3,000 people and left thousands injured and affected for life, occurred when water entered Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) storage tank No. 610

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Adapting materials Free Essays

Adoption Concerns with whole course books. Adaptation Concerns the parts that make up that whole. A process of matching To maximize the appropriate of teaching materials In context. We will write a custom essay sample on Adapting materials or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evaluation for adapting materials An exercise to help to develop insights into different views of language and learning into the principle of materials design. Process of adaptation -Internal factors (what the material offers) Content Organization consistency Choice of topics Skills covered Proficiency level Grading of exercise External factors (what we have) Learner characteristics Physical environment Resources Class size Reasons for adapting Aim to make the materials more communicative and authentic Aspects of language use Skills Classroom organization Supplementary materials Principles and procedures -Adding, including expanding (qualitative) and extending (quantitative) Materials are supplemented by putting more into them. Extensions of an existing aspect of content and bringing a qualitative and quantitative change. Expanding adds methodology by moving outside It and impotent. Deleting or omitting Reducing the length of materials as subtracting from it. Small scale-over part of an exercise Large scale-whole unit of a course book Modifying An internal change in the approach or focus of an exercise. Rewriting modify linguistic content and make it more communicative relate activities more closely to learners’ own backgrounds and interests introduce models of authentic language set more purposeful tasks Restructuring classroom management design interactive exercise based on number of students and size of class Simplifying One type of modification, a ‘rewriting’ activity. Simplify instructions and explanation of exercises and activities and as well as layout of activities To make it becomes easier to be understood Simplification of content and the ways in which that content is presented This technique is mostly use for to reading passages to change various sentence-bound elements to match text more closely to the proficiency level of a particular group of learners. – One can simplify according to Sentence structure. Sentence length is reduced Complex sentence is rewritten as a number of simpler ones. Lexical content Number of new vocabulary items is controlled. Grammatical structures Passives are converted to actives. Reordering Adjusting the sequence of presentation within a unit. Taking units in a different sequence from that originally intended. Separating items of content from each other Regrouping them and putting them together Conclusion work more relevant to the learners. Reference McCullough, J. Shaw, C. (2003). Materials and methods in LET. (2nd De. ). Australia: Backfill Publishing. How to cite Adapting materials, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Effects Of Crisis On Human Functioning - Crisis Intervention Strategi

Question: Discuss about theCrisis Intervention. Answer: Introduction: A crisis is a condition in which a person experiences an abrupt loss of ability to use problem solving and life skills. There are some events that can be considered crisis situations. These events include life-threatening conditions such as sexual assault, natural disasters, medical illnesses, criminal victimization, thoughts of suicide and changes in relationships. Geral Caplan defined crisis as an obstacle that cannot be overcome by the use of standard problem-solving methods (Kanel, 2015). That said, crisis intervention is a method that is used to give a short term instant help to people who are experiencing distressful events that lead to emotional, physical, mental and behavioral problems. Mostly, crisis affects everyone, and its intervention can be done in many ways including the following: Use of professional counseling, providing family help and support strategies (Blalock, 2014). These policies aim at assisting the client to manage crisis which may otherwise lead to behavior al, psychological and physiological effects of trauma on the person and the environment. Effects of Crisis on Human Functioning Crisis is associated with the disruption of human behavior and how an individual perceives and respond to a situation. According to Murphy et al., (2012) the consequences of the crisis on human functioning are classified as either immediate or long term. The immediate effects of the crisis are devastating. Such effects include the development of stressful conditions that contributes to the inability of an individual to make decisions, failure to act normally and lack the capacity to sustain life. That said, the fear of the unknown may deter a person in a crisis from asking support from other individuals and colleagues. Also, illness may set in due to changes in the eating and sleeping patterns (Jongsma, 2012). Depression that develops due to a crisis may also lead to suicidal thoughts and withdrawal. If not managed early, the stress-related crisis may become severe and consequently result in long-term impacts such as poor life decisions, avoidance of relationship, insomnia, chronic p hysical pain, lack of self-confidence as well as eating disorders. Basic Crisis Intervention Strategies According to Myer and James (2005), there are nine crisis intervention strategies. To begin with, the skills for listening and responding to clients are considered the backbone of these strategies. Notably, use of these strategies depends heavily on the context of events. Such plans include creating awareness to make the client familiar with the repressed and denied feelings, behaviors, and thoughts that have put them on the action. Secondly, giving clients the opportunity to vent thoughts and feeling is considered one of the best therapeutic strategies for use in a crisis situation. This remedy is achieved by giving the client a safe and an accepting environment; an indication of an acceptance of the clients feelings and thoughts. In the third strategy providing support to the client is the point of focus (James, Gilliland 2012). Also, it is important to validate the clients response to her situation. Consequently, this process should avoid an impression that the caregiver supports lethal or injurious behaviors. In the fourth strategy, increasing the expansion by engaging the client in actions which may help them expand how they view the situation is the priority. In this way, the clients can reconsider their problems and obtain a different view of the situation. The fifth strategy involves emphasizing focus to prevent the client from talking about many issues in their life which are irrelevant to the current situation. Again, the provision of direction is vital in this situation. It is widely accepted that the clients in crisis need guidance and direction. Through this, you empower the client by giving them the information they did not have before. The next strategy involves promotion of mobilization which the caregiver attempts to organize the clients personal resources and to apply external support systems to help in developing coping skills. The implementing order is the eighth and equally a critical strategy. In this case, the client is assisted to categorize problems to help deal with the crisis in a logical and systematic manner. Finally, provision of protection is a key strategy in the dealing with an emergency situation. The role of the worker, in this case, is to prevent the client from developing harmful, detrimental, destructive and unsafe feelings that may harm others (James, 2008). The Seven Tasks Hybrid Crisis Intervention Model In the process of crisis intervention, seven critical stages are used to master, resolve and to stabilize the crisis. According to Myer, James Moulton (2010) these steps in crisis intervention include contract initiation, crisis definition, giving support, exploring alternatives, developing an action plan, obtaining commitments and doing a follow-up. The individual steps involved in the seven task hybrid system of crisis intervention are outlined as below: Contact initiation; in a crisis, building a rapport with the client is very essential. It is the first part in crisis management. It should be done as quickly as possible to allow the caregiver to develop a relationship with the person in a crisis. It also helps establish an effective mode of communication with the client. In this process, the worker develops a good understanding of the situation and creates clients needs. Importantly, the patients safety and lethality are assessed at this stage. A quick and extensive biophysical assessment is also done to identify the stressors, substance use, medications, medical issues and the current management strategies. In case there is a concern on suitability, it is important to find out what thoughts might the reasons behind these feelings; find out on the intention, how advance is the intention, current plans, past attempts to commit suicide as well as other predisposing factors such as social isolation, employment problems, divorce and us e of drugs of abuse. Problem identification; when finding out what the details about the problem, a discussion is initiated to determine the clients feeling about their situation hence helping the worker develop a more understanding of the crisis. Establishing the needs of the client and the level of effect from the crisis also takes place at this stage. In the course of problem identification, many questions are asked to find out why the crisis happened, what other problems the client is undergoing. Again, problem identification is also necessary as it helps the worker to categorize the problems and determine which one to start with. Giving support; it is important to act on the crisis as soon as possible, giving support to the client involves providing social, psychological, logistical as well as support for information about the crisis. In this process the client is given a chance to talk, to listen and to be heard. Their feelings should be understood hence determining their needs and providing the best support. To achieve this, active listening, as well as other skills such as reflective listening and paraphrasing, is vital Exploring alternatives; developing options that can help improve the situation in a better way is one an important step in the management of a crisis. The worker and the client reach an agreement on better methods of improving the condition. This process involves brainstorming sessions on possibilities of using the solutions used to solve the situation in the past. Other alternative needs of the client such as therapy, medication treatment resource and need to join support groups are assessed. Action plan; an action plan is an essential process in ensuring that the corrective actions are implemented, and the recurrence of the problem is prevented. It involves a transition from crisis to a resolution. Assisting the client through the crisis helps in faster recovery. It also imparts in them life skills on how to overcome a similar situation in future. Commitment; commitment to solving the crisis is vital in crisis management. The client needs to commit on their willingness to embrace the provided support. This puts the client in a better position to cope with the situation. Follow up; monitoring the effectiveness of the proposed action should be done promptly. It helps keep live communication with the client to help identify and address clients challenges before they worsen. Follow-up can be done in many ways; a post-crisis evaluation assesses the clients current situation, progress and how satisfied the client is with management. Either personal visits or phone calls at a particular interval (Myer, James Moulton, 2010). Analysis of the Seven Task Hybrid Model The seven stages are sequential, and they overlap in the process of resolving a crisis. The tasks are done in numerical order beginning from the first to the last job. Also, this task can be done in order that depends on the status of the crisis. The primary objective is to do a cause analysis leading to effective management of the problem and developing a sustainability plan to prevent recurrence of the similar crisis. In the hybrid model, the assessment of the situation and the status of the client is a continuous process that runs through the entire duration of the crisis period. In the process, the psychologist spearheads a continuous risk assessment with emphasis on how the client responds to the crisis and the environment. The hybrid model is characterized with rational evaluation and decision making. This assessment focuses on the challenges that the client face as a result of the severity of the crisis. This model allows for a detailed interaction with the patient to understa nd clients situation including psychosocial status, support systems, coping skills and alternative methods (Myer, James Moulton, 2010). Notably, in this model, the emphasis is put on urgency, assertiveness, intentionally, complete assessment, and acting in a systematic way to assist the client to obtain pre-crisis equilibrium autonomy and mobility as quick as possible. In the process of identifying clients state, the antonyms; disequilibrium and immobility are use in many cases to explain clients state. Though the hybrid equilibrium model has been used for a while, its implementation has faced particular problems, one major problem faced is related to the fact that crisis is linear. In many cases, crisis intervention is associated with chaos theory in which resolving the crisis using the progressive linear plan is not easily done. As a result, the combined linear model with the systems model (Mayer, James Moulton, 2011), the hybrid model is a better method for crisis intervention. Also, the strict linear model needs to have each step discrete and sequential from one step to another while using certain techniques in every step; crisis intervention is characterized by unexpected issues which challenge the discrete and stepwise techniques. Conclusion Summing up, crisis intervention models exist in many versions. All patterns in crisis intervention are guided by a particular theory. The models used in crisis intervention take into consideration problem-solving processes which can be used to do an assessment on any crisis (James, 2013). The Seven Tasks of Assessment model of crisis intervention is used to evaluate clients in crisis. The model provides a support technique which helps client to determine and manage crisis situations. In this model, it is important for the person in crisis to cooperate and participate to ensure the success of the process. References Blalock, D. (2014).SCPHCA Conference. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from https://www.scphca.org/media/92733/crisis_intervention__and_debriefing_-blalock.pdf James, R. (2008). Crisis intervention strategies 6 th edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson. James, R. K., Gilliland, B. E. (2012).Crisis intervention strategies(7th ed.). Retrieved August 31, 2016, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=E2sKf-sexZwCpg=PA51lpg=PA51dq=hybrid model must be by Myer, James and Moultonsource=blots=_nd5k0u5Lssig=O5rHIm8FLi9UBYmajuB1L3gqX4Ehl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=hybrid model must be by Myer, James and Moultonf=false Jongsma, A. E. (2012).The crisis counseling and traumatic events treatment planner(2nd ed.). Retrieved August 31, 2016, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=TsPwQeV_sS8Cpg=PA72lpg=PA72dq=Myer, R. A., James, R. K., Moulton,source=blots=q2VvrDuMi6sig=HQekHvcUXXginrU_xLJ1lTAPydYhl=ensa=Xredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Myer, R. A., James, R. K., Moulton,f=false Kanel, K. (2015).A guide to crisis intervention(4th ed.). Retrieved August 29, 2016, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=enlr=id=oVM8AwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR5dq=Crisis interventionots=gqpuAFBk8ysig=7P6TNLUyZ5xnjbwVFx36VFJD89Aredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Crisis intervention=false Murphy, S., Irving, C. B., Adams, C. E., Driver, R. (2012). Crisis intervention for people with severe mental illnesses.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001087.pub4 Myer, R.A. James, R.K. (2005). Crisis intervention workbook and CD-ROM. Belmont, CA: ThomsonBrooks/Cole. Myer, R. A., James, R. K., Moulton, P. (2010). This is Not a Fire Drill; crisis Inter-Vention and prevention on college campus Hoboken, NJ; John Wiley sons doi: 10.1002/9781118269909

Tuesday, March 31, 2020

Biometrics Attendance Monitoring System Essay Research Paper Example

Biometrics Attendance Monitoring System Essay Paper Attendance is one of the of import factors in many establishments and organisation that need to be followed by people. It is extremely of import for one organisation in order to keep their public presentation criterions. Old conventional methods for employees’ attending are still used by most of the universities or schools like Cabatacan National School in which employee still utilizing the manual DTR that enable them to rip off their ain clip of reaching and going of the said establishment. As this method is used. many employees are assisting their friends by subscribing in their attending in instance of their absent in the institute. In this paper we review the assorted computerized system which is being developed by utilizing different techniques. Based on this reappraisal a new attack for employee attending is proposed by utilizing biometric device to be used for assorted schools or academic institutes. Biometric engineerings is the fingerprint acknowledgment system ; by puting a finger on the scanner. it allows the individual to clip in or out and ensures that employees can non clip in for one another. thereby forestalling employee clip larceny. In other words. alternatively of necessitating personal designation cards. keys or watchwords of other individual. biometries can place fingerprints of an person for easy and convenient confirmation. After holding these issues in head we develop a Biometric Attendance Monitoring System or merely called BAMS which serves as an surrogate for traditional manual sign language procedure and automates the whole procedure of taking attending and keeping it. We will write a custom essay sample on Biometrics Attendance Monitoring System Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Biometrics Attendance Monitoring System Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Biometrics Attendance Monitoring System Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The researcher’s chief focal point is to come up with a better. more effectual and dependable system that would decrease the job that encountered by the Faculty and staff of the Cabatacan National High School. Because aside from the monthly study. BAMS characteristic shows the attending of the person employee which is absent or late on that peculiar twenty-four hours. supervise the productiveness of every employee and cheque on the Employee absenteeism which in bend helps in accomplishing the organisation ends. This system allows the workers to take attending. see their user profile. while the director can see workers’ attending. pull offing workers’ information and bring forthing attending study.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Elie Wiesels Night essays

Elie Wiesels Night essays The book I read for my book review was Dawn, bye Elie Wiesel. This story represents the post WWII struggle of the Israeli freedom fighters one young man in particular, who has found himself on the other side of the gun. Wiesel himself severed his time in the death camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald during the War, and had previously written Night, the memoirs of his experiences. The purpose of this book, in my mind, was to express the inner most thoughts and the anguish of Elisha. Elisha is 18 years old. He was recruited by a gentleman named Gad, who turned him into a fighter. He has killed before for their cause, but only in groups never alone. ... Our bullets were a flaming wall on which their lives were shattered... My five comrades and I set out to either kill or to be killed. Pg28. But now, Elisha wasnt in a group. He had been ordered to execute an English officer, John Dawson, as to compensate for the British capturing David ben Moshe, one of their own. In tradition, execution s always took place at dawn in their culture; usually around 5AM. Elisha has less than twelve hours before he will be labeled as a murderer for the rest of his life. Hes having a difficult time coming to the reality that he is going to have to kill a man on his own. I should forget this night. But the dead never forget... In their eyes I should be forever branded a killer. Pg69. Of course, then again, if anyone were put into that position having to kill a man, who has done nothing wrong except be born of English blood I think they would be having some serious issues with themselves as well. In the Jewish tradition, there is a lot of focus on and towards nighttime. Night is a very important in that Night is purer than day; it is better for thinking and loving and dreaming. At night everything is more intense, more true. The echo of words that have been spoken du ...

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Marketing Management - Essay Example Moreover, the promotions presented by the management of Coca-Cola for the drinks are also quite fascinating and effective for the individual that acted as a boon for the growth and development of the organization in the market of North Korea as compared to other rival players (The Coca-Cola Company, 2013). Customer Analysis From the below presented graph, it might be clearly described that, Coca-Cola mainly targets the young generation of the country of North Korea with extreme consciousness for the health and hygiene. Moreover, the refreshing drink of Coca-Cola is mainly preferred by the age groups within 15-35 years among others as it serves as the best companion in parties, festivals, occasions and many others. And also the drink might be consumed by the individual of high to medium income groups along with a medium life style. Thus, it might be depicted that the drinks of Coca-Cola is mainly targeted to all the individual of the society with a proposition of ‘Healthy and re freshing drink’ among other rival players (The Coca-Cola Company, 2013). Objective and Strategies The prime objective of the organization of Coca-Cola is to offer best quality of drinks to the customers so as to retain its prosperity and loyalty within their minds. Apart from this, the organization of Coca-Cola also desires to offer most advantageous and refreshing drink so as to make it a value-added product in the market among other rival products. Only then, the desire to enhance the brand image and reputation of the organization might get enhanced and effective in future era. And the market share and profit margin of the organization might also get enhanced to almost 25% as compared to other rivals (The Coca-Cola Company, 2013). In order to make the objectives of the organization successful, the management might desire to implement varied types of strategies such as competitive growth policies and expansion survival strategies. These strategies might prove effective for t he organization thereby amplifying its brand value and market growth to a significant extent as compared to others. Along with this, by implementing expansion survival strategy, the organization might expand its products thereby improving the statistics of the organization in the market of North Korea. And it might also prove helpful in amplifying the brand value and market share in North Korean market (The Coca-Cola Company, 2013). Corporate Objectives The most essential requirement of any organization operating in this age is sustainability. This is because; it might help an organization to tackle varied types of challenging situations in an effective way as compared to many other existing rival players. Some of the objectives are stated below: Profit- presenting maximum extent of the returns to the shareholders thereby enhancing its foothold in the market of North Korea. Human resource- trained and experienced human resources need to be recruited within the organization so as to enhance the portfolio and reputation in North Korean m

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Ethics of Means and Ends Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics of Means and Ends - Assignment Example I will not allow my personal life get into the way of my duties as I am needed to stay focused on resolving all problems by ensuring the means to an end is based entirely on the truth, honesty and moral values. I will enforce the law cautiously without fear or favor and never use unnecessary force or violence. Moreover, I will not accept gratitude and or gifts as these are not ethically just. Lastly, I would be a leader, stay focused, conduct myself soberly, honorable and obey superior officials within the departments. Ethical issues involved with balancing means and ends in the criminal justice field include eradicating such incidences like police brutality, corruption, abuse of power, changing testimonies, planting evidence just to mention but a few. As a criminal justice profession, I aim to look into these issues and scrap them off the force. This I intend to do by installing and or revising the code of ethics. It is imperative to know that an understanding of ethics is of the essence to competent decision-making by leaders in criminal justice system. EI am convicted that leadership in the criminal justice system is founded on pure ethical dynamics. As a leader in this system, I aim to be an excellent example to my subordinates, as well as preach on the just ethical

Monday, January 27, 2020

Critical Management Studies (CMS) Debate on Power

Critical Management Studies (CMS) Debate on Power The rate of change within contemporary business environment has intensified over the last few decades, which in turn have resulted in significant strategic implications for organisations of all types. According to Ford et al (2010), critical management studies (CMS) has been an important radically different development to mainstream management theory that offers alternative thinking to the management of contemporary organisations. Drawing upon Wickert Schaefer (2015), it is noted that CMS is based on critically appraising and sceptically analysing the contemporary management practices that are based on profit maximisation rather than social and ecological sustainability. The proponents of CMS have argued that although there has been improvement within management literature away from the explicit organisational characteristics towards implicit factors, however the underlying factor that dictates allocation of resources within organisation remains creation of value for the firm (King Learmonth, 2014). It is argued that due to this underlying managerial power in shaping the organisational behaviour therefore the contemporary management studies should be critically appraised for their links with social injustice and environmental degradation (Bergstrom et al, 2009). The review of CMS as an alternative to the mainstream management theories and practices has pointed out the importance of power and its distribution across the different actors related with the organisations (Alvesson, 2010). According to Ford et al (2010), CMS highlights the prevailing power structures that dominate contemporary organisations and their management, which in turn results in systemic decline in moral obligations concerning people and ecology that should be justified from the lens of profitability. The aim of this report is to critically explore the critical management studies (CMS) debate concerning power. In order to achieve this aim, the report has used multiple schools of thoughts from proponents and critics of CMS to provide a balanced review of literature. The report has used inverted funnel approach in critically appraising the literature concerning role of power within CMS. Power has been defined in a number of ways within the management literature due to the degree of influence from its origins in a number of other disciplines. According to Ailon (2006), due to the diversity of definitions, it can be suggested that power suffers from tautological issue within management literature. However, the review of the popular definitions have noted that there is a high degree of overlap within them and therefore understanding the underlying basics can result in better development of the topic (Bachrach Baratz, 1962). The very basic definition of power has been developed by Dahl in 1957, which encapsulates that A has power on B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do. Although it is a very basic definition that focuses on the negativity of power, however it provides the basis understanding of the concept. This is the reason that Brown et al (2010) has pointed out that this definition has become the basis of more elaborated c onceptualisation of the topic of power within the context of management studies. The review of the literature has pointed out that traditionally power was seen to be arising from explicit organisational factors within managerial theories, however proponents of CMS have pointed out that there are implicit organisational factors that can be the source of such power. According to Ailon (2006), power is seen as the influence of any set of individuals inside or outside of the organisation that can have implications on the people within the organisation. Therefore, it is argued that individuals within organisations have a number of actionable options when faced with any particular decision, however due to the explicit and implicit power structures within the organisation, they tend to conform to undertaking certain actions in comparison with others. Drawing upon Brown Lewis (2011), power is the concept that would influence the actions of individuals that they would not have undertaken in the absence of such power. Power has remained explicitly or implicitly at the heart of a number of management theories and practices that have been developed and reported within the popular management literature. According to Ford et al (2010), management literature has evolved over the decades in the light of the changing macro and micro business environment, where the focus has remained on the development and sustainability of the competitive advantage of the businesses. It is suggested that as management has emerged as a value within contemporary businesses, there has been significant private and public power attached to it that has attracted attention from CMS (Ahonen et al, 2014). It is suggested that as management has been elevated to a powerful position, the overall criticism and scepticism with the current system has become concentrated on the topic. The research has pointed out that traditional management literature has focused on the creation of value for the shareholders of the businesses. According to King Learmonth (2014), this highlights the fact that shareholders have the explicit power to shape the overall long term organisational strategy and organisational behaviour within any given situation. However, it is suggested that such a view of the business has received sharp criticism from a number of areas, where conserving human rights and ecological destruction took centre stage. Drawing upon Erkama (2010), in order to overcome these criticisms, the management literature evolved into arguing that organisations should focus on the value creation for the stakeholders of the firm. Although, stakeholder focus apparently highlights that the demands for a variety of actors that have interest or are influenced by the business are included within managerial decision making (Tadajewski et al, 2011). However, it is noted that there is a high degree of diversity and multiplicity of demands from the stakeholders of the business and therefore their prioritisation is undertaken. The prioritisation of the stakeholders and their demands are undertaken within the context of their ability to achieve profitability for the business. The proponents of CMS have argued that even with the evolution within management literature, the overall managerial decisions are the function of power of shareholders and profitability of the firms. CMS have pointed out that although there is an emergence within management literature regarding importance of human resources, environmental management and corporate citizenship; however all of these aspects are driven out of their links with the profitability and shareholder wealth creation (Mccabe, 2000). It is argued that although there is the perception of increased independence of decision making of the individual human resources, however the power of shareholders dictate the overall acceptable set of decisions while eliminating decisions that would be undertaken by managers in the absence of such an influencing power. Similarly, it is suggested that corporate social responsibility has gained importance in contemporary management literature, however only the areas that can be linked with profitability and creation of positive perception of the business are focused (King Learmonth, 2014). According to Contu Willmott (2003), the companies would self-report the positive community and environmental behaviour to gain a positive perception from the customers and other influencing stakeholders. Despite the fact that large multinational corporations have developed detailed corporate social responsibility plans, there remains disjointed implementation of these plans across the national boundaries based on their impact on the profitability of the businesses (Wickert Schaefer, 2015). Therefore, the countries with stricter legislation and higher understanding of the issues by the customers have a better implementation of CSR policies by the firm in comparison with developed economies. This is the reason, it can be argued that both explicit and implicit power within contemporary organisations dictate the organisational behaviour. There is a great deal of management literature that has focused on the use of organisational structure to achieve the strategic goals of the organisation. According to Alvesson Willmott (2012), traditional management literature has pointed out the use of hierarchal structures, where the power of strategic decision making is concentrated at the top, which is then distributed and diffused through the rest of the organisational structure. The proponents of CMS have argued that such use of structure essentially focuses on the use of autocratic leadership to keep the employees aligned towards achieving the long term goals of the firm. It is suggested that the overall long term goal is divided into isolated goals for different value adding functions of the business, which are then further divided for each individual. As the individual employees are allocated their particular tasks within the hierarchal structure, therefore they are unable to exercise power that can influence the overall o utcome of the organisation. The managerial literature has however evolved over the decades towards the recommendation of flatter and team based organisational structures. According to Ford et al (2010), with the increased competition and industries moving into the mature stages of their lifecycles, it is important for businesses to rely on the human resources for the differentiation of their products and services. The use of team based structures is expected to bring higher level of innovation and creativity within the products and services of the business. The proponents of CMS have argued that even though there is a degree of freedom allowed to the employees in a team based organisational structure, however there is implicit power influencing their decisions so that the outcome can maximise the value creation for the organisation (King Learmonth, 2014). It is suggested that business use this type of power to control the outcome from the organisational teams. The process and culture or monitoring and motivati ng the employees is geared towards limiting overall options available to the employees of the organisation. The concept of personal identity and organisational culture in influencing the behaviour of individuals, groups and organisations has been discussed within CMS. According to Erkama (2010), identity is a set of reflexive narratives that are derived from participation in competing discourses and related experiences. The concept of work identity has been highlighted as the individual or group representation towards being productive for the organisation. According to Tadajewski et al (2011), it can be argued that the overall identity of individuals at work can be determined from their ability and motivation to achieve the organisational objectives. The contemporary management literature has played a pivotal role in developing the work identity as achieving the overall long term goals of the business, which are in turn dictated by profitability. This has been exemplified by the analysis of identity of lawyers. According to Mccabe (2000), lawyers have self-identification of guardians of societal ethics and as trustees of the ethical profession, where they would defend the rights of individuals and other legal institutions. However, at the same time, their work dictates them to develop the identity to be distinctive in offering solutions to their customers that would minimise their liability and minimising the rights of others to achieve competitive positioning for their businesses. Drawing upon Contu Willmott (2003), at individual level lawyers have the identity crisis to offer competitive solutions that would solely benefit their customers while ignoring the implications of their advises on other economic actors. At firm level, lawyers are operating as competitive businesses that are intrinsically motivated through profitability and growth in business. Therefore, these aspects suggest that the contemporary management litera ture promotes the development of identities within professionals that would inhibit their natural decision making towards profitability and creation of value for shareholders. Similarly, it is noted that organisational culture has been promoted as an important managerial tool available for effective and efficient management outcomes. Organisational culture is defined as shared values, beliefs and assumptions that are shared across the organisation that have implications on the combined behaviour of the individuals (King Learmonth, 2014). The proponents of CMS have argued that management literature uses organisational culture to ensure that all the employees of the business would behave in a very similar manner. The organisations with a strong organisational culture would ensure that the employees would undertake their decisions that would result in the short and long term profitability of the business. The focus on organisational culture would also suggest that human resources become dispensable as the new recruits are likely to continue making decisions required to achieve corporate success. The review of CMS literature has noted that the contemporary organisations use routine activities to use disciplinary power to achieve high degree of conformance from their employees. According to Wickert Schaefer (2015), disciplinary power uses processes of comparison and standardisation of individual performance, which determines their compensation and other motivational factors. The individuals that create higher value for the shareholders of the businesses are likely to receive a higher overall cooperative compensation and other motivational factors than their peers. On the other hand, the actions and behaviours of individuals that are not focused on creation of wealth for the shareholders receive lower overall compensation and motivation. This critical gap developed through the processes used within an organisation is therefore used to induce disciplinary power among the individuals. It is suggested that management literature apparently allows for the individuals to have high degree of independence in undertaking decisions that they seem fit for the situation, however due to the disciplinary power they are likely to make similar types of decisions. According to Ailon (2006), the use of organisational processes to shift the burden to decision making from the top management towards individual employees of the business are likely to be the source of disciplinary power. The discipline is enforced through the consistent use of monitoring and surveillance of the individual actions, behaviour and attitude, which are judged as their performance. The research within management literature has pointed out that power within contemporary organisations is embedded in the overall authoritative structure, culture and process of the organisation. According to the proponents of CMS, traditionally organisations had a hierarchal structure where the power was explicitly concentrated at the top (Brown et al, 2010). It is however noted that contemporary management literature has led to the development of team based matrix style structure, where different levels of management are jointly present in strategic and tactical decisions. However, drawing upon Ailon (2006), despite the apparent devaluation of power, there remains a strict guideline within tasks allocated to these teams regarding the overall long and short term objectives of the organisation. Therefore, although there is increased overall degree of decision making among the individuals within organisations, there remains overall pressure to conform among the managers to develop ide as that can become the source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is the reason that CMS literature has pointed out that organisations are structured based on processes and systems that are likely to use the power of shareholders to direct the decision making of the managers and the employees of the organisation. The use of explicit and implicit power within contemporary management literature has been accepted as the source of achieving the long term goals of the organisations. According to Brown et al (2010), the long term organisational goals can be perceived as adding value to the shareholders of the organisation, which can be seen as profitability for commercial organisation. It is suggested that the power in extrinsic or intrinsic forms should be present within the organisation so that it can direct the energies, motivations, skills and competencies of the employees and other resources of the firm to achieve the long term aim and objectives of the organisations. CMS has argued that mainstream management literature present a number of reasons for the use of power within the context of the organisations. There is a group of managerial theories that argue that in the absence of the power, the individuals of the organisation will do negative things. According to Ailon (2006), CMS has pointed out that mainstream literature has suggested that negative employee and individual behaviour can be seen from its normative or moral meanings. In the normative meaning, the individual would conduct actions that would negatively impact profitability of the business. On the other hand, moral meanings suggest that the individual would conduct actions that would be deemed immoral within the society, which in turn would also deteriorate organisational perception. Therefore, both of these cases justify the development of structures, processes and systems that would minimise such individual actions. There are two types of theories within contemporary management that have used this perspective, which include: (a) economically based management theories; and (b) psychological and social based management theo ries. The economically based management theories have argued that individuals are inherently focused on maximising their personal outcomes from any action. This is the reason, according to Theory X and Y, there is a group of individuals that are lazy and lack the motivation to work till their full potential (Bachrach Baratz, 1962). Taylorism has therefore suggested that businesses should develop profit maximisation routines and systems. It is further noted that Agency Theory and Transaction Cost Economics are important theories that have resulted in the use of power to direct employees of the organisations to achieve their desired outcomes (Alvesson, 2010). The psychological and social management theories have pointed out individuals are easily misguided and therefore can lead to immoral behaviour and actions if not directed by the management and organisation. According to Ford et al (2010), the theories that fall within this domain highlight that the organisational way is the only moral way for the individuals to conform. The review of the theories that fall within this domain, it is suggested that individuals can have diverse set of moral understanding of the issues and therefore if they are allowed to make judgements based on their understanding then the overall response of the organisation is likely to be very weak. This is the reason that it is argued that development of systematic organisational mechanism to inhibit personal judgement of morality has been undertaken within mainstream management literature. The organisational cultural theories were developed to develop and strengthen a group wide system of values, beliefs and assum ptions that can lead to conforming attitude from the individual employees (King Learmonth, 2014). There is another school of thought within the management literature that has suggested that if the power is absent to make employees conform to organisational values and goals, then it is likely that employees would make the business work for them. According to Bergstrom et al (2009), individuals are focused at maximising outcomes for themselves, therefore in the absence of any power, it is likely that the employees would misuse the organisational resources to maximise their personal outcomes. This has been exhibited through the examples of managerial greed that has resulted in the demise of large corporations like Enron. Therefore, it is argued that power in some form is likely to exist within organisations due to the resources that they have acquired or developed over time. Either the power can be from organisation acting on the employee or vice versa. CMS has pointed out that organisational power should not be perceived as something that would result in negative or selfish outcomes by the employees. According to Bergstrom et al (2009), power is everywhere within the organisation, however some actors have pervasive power and rest have subtle power. This is the reason that it is argued that power within organisations should be viewed from a critical standpoint, where all diverse areas of power and its origination should be analysed. It is suggested that the diverse stakeholders, actors and institutions surrounding the organisations have different types and levels of power, which should be balanced to achieve effective and efficient results for social and environmental sustainability along with profitability of the businesses. Drawing upon Tadajewski et al (2011), it is suggested that processes should be in place for the counter balance of power among the different groups of actors surrounding the contemporary organisation. In the light of above discussion of the debate regarding power within the context of critical management studies (CMS), it can be concluded that contemporary mainstream management literature is based on the use of explicit and implicit power structures to achieve long term strategic objectives of the organisations. The report has pointed out that traditionally management literature has shown a high degree of power concentration within shareholders of the business, however despite its apparent diffusion, there remain high degree of influence on individual behaviour due to implicit organisational power structures and cultures. The discussion has highlighted that power has been used within mainstream management literature through explicit and implicit means through organisational structure, identity, culture, discipline and conformance. It is suggested that the contemporary management literature fosters behaviour of the individuals that is shaped by the power of shareholders and profita bility. The review of the mainstream management literature has pointed out that the main reason that is highlighted for using organisational power is that without its presence, the individual employee would resort to negative actions both economically and morally.   It is noted within the report that CMS have argued the presence of power across the organisation and its diverse stakeholders, however has suggested that power should be balanced through the deployment of effective and efficient processes and systems. References   Alvesson, M. (Ed.). (2010). Classics in critical management studies. Edward Elgar. Alvesson, M., Willmott, H. (2012). Making sense of management: A critical introduction. Sage. AHONEN, P., TIENARI, J., MERILÄINEN, S. and PULLEN, A., (2014). Hidden contexts and invisible power relations: A Foucauldian reading of diversity research. Human Relations, 67(3), pp.263-286. AILON, G., (2006). What B Would Otherwise Do: A Critique of Conceptualizations of Power in Organizational Theory. Organization, 13(6), pp. 771-800. BROWN, A.D., KORNBERGER, M., CLEGG, S.R. and CARTER, C., (2010). Invisible walls and silent hierarchies: A case study of power relations in an architecture firm. Human Relations,63(4), pp. 525-549. BROWN, A.D. and LEWIS, M.A., 2011. Identities, Discipline and Routines. Organization Studies,32(7), pp. 871-895. BACHRACH, P. and BARATZ, M.S., (1962). The Two Faces of Power. American Political Science Review, 56, pp. 947-952. BERGSTRÃÆ'-M, O., HASSELBLADH, H. and KÄRREMAN, D., (2009). Organizing disciplinary power in a knowledge organization. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 25(2), pp. 178-190. CONTU, A. and WILLMOTT, H., (2003). Re-Embedding Situatedness: The Importance of Power Relations in Learning Theory. Organization Science, 14(3), pp. 283-296. ERKAMA, N., (2010). Power and resistance in a multinational organization: Discursive struggles over organizational restructuring. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(2), pp. 151-165. Ford, J., Harding, N., Learmonth, M. (2010). Who is it that would make business schools more critical? Critical reflections on critical management studies. British Journal of Management, 21(s1), s71-s81. King, D., Learmonth, M. (2014). Can critical management studies ever be practical? A case study in engaged scholarship. Human Relations MCCABE, D., (2000). Factory Innovations and Management Machinations: The Productive and Repressive Relations of Power. Journal of Management Studies, 37(7), pp. 931-953. Tadajewski, M., Maclaran, P., Parsons, E. (Eds.). (2011). Key concepts in critical management studies. Sage.# Wickert, C., Schaefer, S. M. (2015). Towards a progressive understanding of performativity in critical management studies. Human Relations, 68(1), 107-130.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

President Bill Clinton :: William Jefferson Clinton Essays

Bill Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946, in the small town of Hope, Arkansas. He was named after his father, William Jefferson Blythe II, who had been killed in a car accident just three months before his son's birth. Needing a way to support herself and her new child, Bill Clinton's mother, Virginia Cassidy Blythe, moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, to study nursing. Bill Clinton stayed with his mother's parents in Hope. There his grandparents, Eldrigde and Edith Cassidy, taught him strong values and beliefs such as "equality among all and discrimination to none". This was a lesson Bill never forgot. His mother returned from New Orleans with a nursing degree in 1950, when her son was four year old. Later that same year, she married an automobile salesman named Roger Clinton. When Bill was seven years old, the family moved to Hot Springs, Arkansas for it offered a better employment opportunities. Roger received a higher paying job as a service ma nager for his brother's car dealer-ship and Virginia discovered a job as a nurse anesthetist. In 1956, Bill Clinton's half-brother, Roger Clinton Jr., was born. When his brother was old enough to enter school, young Bill had his last name legally altered from Blythe to Clinton. Clinton's life continued and during his High school years he was awestruck by two successful leaders, John F. Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He was inspired by them so much that thrived on fulfilling their dreams. He raised money and organized charity events, but most of all he learned how to work with people and the concept of being a good citizen. In his spare time, he endulged himself in literature and played a saxophone. He loved music, and each summer he would attend a band camp in the Ozark Mountains. His hard work paid off when he became top saxophone player at his school and won first chair in state band. Bill Clinton recognized that although college would be expensive, it would give him the education he needed to accomplish his goals. His hard work in school, combined with his music ability, earned him many academic and music scholarships. With the aid of those scholarships and loans from the government, he was able to attend Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He chose George town because it had an excellent foreign service program and it was located in the nations capital.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Operations and System Management of a Car Garage

OBSM Coursework Assessment – Element One Powell’s Garage Report Introduction The following report will be researching into a small garage named Powell’s, located in Illogan, Cornwall. Powell’s garage is a family business that was established in 1953. This organisation offers a range of services and products, including MOT’s, tyre replacement and full car servicing. Primary research will be used in order to gain data in order to examine specific factors in Powell’s garage. Slack et al. ’s five performance objectives will display which ways the organisation is thriving and in which ways they are failing. Looking at the design capacity, effective capacity and actual outputs will give an overview of how well they are using their resources within the organisation. Finally, by calculating the organisation’s capability index, a specific operation can be explored in order to highlight the reliability of the service and whether there is any potential room for improvement. Five Performance Objectives Slack et al (2004) states that there are five performance objectives that can evaluate performance of an operation. The first of these being cost, this is the ability to produce at a low cost. By pricing goods and services appropriately to the market, customers will always be attracted and it will allow for a good return to the company. Powell’s have a few competitor garages surrounding them, therefore pricing is a very important aspect of the organisation as they must keep it low enough to rival other garages, but high enough to ensure profit from their services. Quality is another performance objective and this is the ability to produce in accordance with the specifications without error. This will ensure full customer satisfaction and a high-quality reputation. It is essential that Powell’s provide a premium service as not only does it guarantee safety for their customers, but it gives them an advantage over competitors. Dependability is the ability to produce goods and services in accordance to the promises made to the customer. This could include a time deadline that the service needs to be completed by, therefore Powell’s must ensure that they fulfil any tasks given by customers’ and remain reliable or a bad reputation could circulate, resulting in less business. The ability to do things quickly in response to the customer’s demands is known as speed. This should also reduce time between orders from the customer and when they receive it again. Being a busy garage means that Powell’s must complete services as quickly as possible in order to keep up with the level of demand they receive. If this is not met, customers’ could use another organisation that can offer a quick service. Finally, the last performance objective from Slack et al. is flexibility. This is the ability to change the operation in a variety of ways. This therefore means that Powell’s must offer a wide variety of goods and services in order to fit with any customer needs and keep the amount of business high. These five performance objectives can also be linked, and these links mean that an organisation can excel in certain operations and compete with other organisations. For example, quality reduces cost and increases dependability. High quality therefore means fewer mistakes made in the operation, this leads to a reduced amount of time needed to correct any errors, and less time spent on the operation means reduced cost. This results in the customer being satisfied with the service. It will also more than likely mean they will feel confident using the organisation and will return for future business. From using primary research to study Powell’s garage, it is noticeable that quality is the most vital objective to ensure its success in their marketplace. Through questionnaires, shown as Appendix 1, and interviews with customers and within the organisation; it is quality that is the most prominent feature of Powell’s garage. This organisation deals with motor vehicles, which makes it crucial that the main priority of their services is to provide high-quality results or else the customer’s safety is at risk. The following polar diagram demonstrates the customer’s view and the manager’s view on Powell’s services and products according to Slack et al. ’s five performance objectives theory. The customer’s view is an average calculated from 20 questionnaires that were completed by customers. The manager’s view is a combined result from the two managers that work at Powell’s. As shown above, the manager’s view is quite different to that of the customers. The customers did not rate the garage as high as the manager’s but there is an agreement on the speed of the operation. Powell’s garage has two major competitors in the area that offer similar services. In order to ensure that this organisation has the edge over them, it is essential to investigate what is regarded as important by their customers and how each garage provides that service. Perceived user value (Bowman, 1998), is the best method to show customer’s opinions on the services of the three garages and will also include objectives that are not included in Slack et al. ’s theory. The two garages that are geographically closest to Powell’s are K W Autos and J K Motors. The customers were asked to rate the objectives of the garage from 0 to 10 on a questionnaire (Appendix 2), these figures were then made into an average and shown in the following table. Objective| Powell's | K W Autos| J K Motors| Speed| 8| 8| 7| Quality| 8| 7| 7| Cost| 7| 6| 7| Dependability| 7| 8| 6| Flexibility| 7| 7| 7| Quality of Facilities| 8| 6| 5| Courtesy of Staff| 9| 6| 6| Working Hours| 7| 7| 8| The data collected from the customers was then put into a graph to demonstrate the differences between the garages more clearly. From these figures, it is clear to see that Powell’s has an overall higher rating than its competitors. Although this is very positive, there are some objectives that Powell’s are lower. These are the operations that need to be targeted and improved in order to guarantee that K W Autos and J K Motors do not overtake Powell’s in their sales. Capacity The definition of the capacity of an operation is â€Å"the maximum level of value-added activity over a period of time that the process can achieve under normal operating conditions† (Slack et al. 2001, p. 338). Regarding this report, there are two types of capacity that are useful to Powell’s garage; design capacity and effective capacity. Design capacity is â€Å"the capacity to which its technical designers had in mind when they commissioned the operation† (Slack et al. 2001, p. 335). Effective capacity is simply design capacity minus planned loss. Therefore it is what the operation actually runs like. The capacity of Powell’s garage is simply the amount of motor vehicles that can be held in the garage at one time. Powell’s garage has a total of 7 vehicle ramps within the garage; however, 2 of these ramps are designated specifically for MOT servicing. Therefore, altogether, Powell’s can have 8 cars in its premises at one time. In terms of capacity processing, on average, Powell’s can see between 30 and 40 vehicles a week. Although, there are weeks in which it can exceed this and also weeks in which not as many vehicles pass through. Powell’s employ 6 full time mechanics; however, there are always 2 mechanics on the MOT ramps as it always full. This therefore leaves 4 full time mechanics working on 5 ramps for servicing. Straight away, understaffing is the obvious main capacity constraint, as if the garage is completely full, they do not have enough staff to service the vehicles. This would therefore be a planned loss of the organisation. Other planned losses would be mostly time consuming, for example, waiting for vehicle parts to arrive, working hours and waiting for customers to collect their car. As stated before, effective capacity is how the operation actually runs; therefore the everyday realities of a production line will contain something to slow it down. For example, staff breaks, power cuts and maintenance to tools and equipment. Powell’s design capacity (excluding the MOT services) in their garage would be for 5 vehicles to be serviced. However, there are only 4 mechanics available at one time. This means that their effective capacity is 80% of its design capacity. These losses are unavoidable but it results in Powell’s output to be reduced by 20% of what it could have. Actual output is simply effective capacity minus avoidable loss. This is essentially what is produced by the operation when the planned losses and avoidable are taken into account. Avoidable losses include mechanical failure, lighting failure or poorly trained staff. Actual output is therefore much less than the design capacity. It can only be predicted, but this would be estimated around 50%. The following diagram displays the losses against the design capacity and shows how the actual output is calculated. A ‘bottleneck’ is a micro-operation or operations that cause a process to slow down and causes output to take longer. Powell’s main bottleneck is the fact that they are understaffed. However, there are more constraints that prevent operations, these include the type of repair that the car will need, the availability of parts needed to complete the service and working hours. These all affect the processes in the organisation. Capability Index This measures the capability of an operation process within an organisation. This capability index will measure the time any operation can take regarding the services that Powell’s offers. The capability index should give the result as being greater than 1 as this will mean that Powell’s is reliable and capable. However, if the results show that the capability is less than 1, it will prove that Powell’s servicing is incapable and unreliable. The tables below show the amount of time spent servicing vehicles over one month in Powell’s garage. This was recorded from observation and from staff records. Weekly updates allowed a gradual build up of data which could then be grouped to calculate the capability index. Servicing Times| | | 30 minutes| 1 hour| 1 day| 1 hr 30 mins| 1 day| 5 hours| 45 minutes| 3 days| 30 minutes| hours| 6 days| 5 days| 1 day| 2 days| 3 days| 4 days| 3 days| 1 hour| 4 hours| 3 hours| 5 days| 2 days| 1 day| 2 hours| 2 days| 3 days| 6 days| 7 days| 30 minutes| 4 days| Servicing Times| Number of Customers| ;1 Hour| 4| 1 hour – 1 day| 8| 1 – 2 days| 4| 2 – 3 days| 3| 3 – 4 days| 4| 4 – 5 days| 2| 5 – 6 days| 2| 6; days| 3| Capability Index is calculated using the following formula: Cp = USL – LSL 6? Key Cp = Capability Index USL = Upper Specification Limit LSL = Lower Specification Limit ? = Standard Deviation From the data collected above, the USL will be 7 days and the LSL will be 0. 05 as it is in minutes. Cp = 7 – 0. 05 6? Standard Deviation was calculated using all the data collected. In this instance, 1 hour would be 0. 1 and 1 day would be 1. Standard Deviation = 2. 083849 Cp = 7 – 0. 05 6 x 2. 083849 Cp = 6. 95 12. 503094 Cp = 0. 5558624129 Cp = 0. 56 (two decimal places) USL = 7 LSL = 0. 05 This figure and the graph shows that Powell’s garage is operating at a level lower than 1, which indicates that it is not operating at the potential capacity level. Although the capability index worked out to be lower than 1, there is a variety of different service times which suggests that Powell’s offer a wide range of services and at many different time scales. There are many causes for this variation which includes; the nature of the service. The bigger the problem in the vehicle will mean that the service will take longer, and therefore take space for a longer period of time in the garage. There is also the matter of ordering external parts for the repair. This again, could take a long time as Powell’s must wait for the parts to arrive before the repair can begin. All of these variants are time costly in some way but there could be potential initiatives to reduce this. Powell’s could create more space for vehicles outside their garage, by expanding the car park from 1 to 4, this will provide an area to hold cars that require parts from an external source. This would then leave more room available in the garage for less time consuming services. This would see Powell’s garage gain more business and improve their timing for customers. An outside area would also offer a place where very small services are required, for example changing a tyre. This service takes on average 30 minutes to complete. Powell’s would save a lot of time as the car would not need to be taken into the garage or raised on the ramps. Another initiative could be to use the MOT ramps when there are no vehicles using them. This expands Powell’s capacity to 7 full servicing ramps which would provide more business and a faster operation process. An initiative that would also be very effective would be increasing the number of staff; this would allow vehicles to be serviced much quicker. Even if two mechanics worked on one vehicle, this could potentially half the time in which it takes to complete the service. This would then result in extra customer satisfaction, which in the long run would improve Powell’s reputation. It would also allow for more vehicles to be brought in to service as there would be space for that vehicle in a shorter amount of time. Word Count 2,271 References James, P. Rowland-Jones, R. ; O’Brien, L. (eds) 2009. Operations and Business Systems Management. Harlow, Pearson. Slack, N. , Chambers, S. , ; Johnston, R. , 2004. Operations Management. 4th Ed. London: Pitman Publishing. Cengage (2007) Operations, Strategy and Operations Strategy [Online] Available from: http://www. cengage. co. uk/barnes/students/sample_ch/ch2. pdf [Accessed: 26/11/2010]